Inuit Art & Canadian Nationalism Essay

Inuit refers to a certain group of people who had acclimatized and inhabits the cold and harsh climatic regions of Canada. They are similar to Eskimos who live in Arctic regions of Russia and Europe and North America. Their art is a reflection of urbanization with elements of cultural experiences which denote the activities carried out within their daily life as dictated by the environment. A good Inuit art work is the one mended with vast landscape and traditional Inuit culture. Achieving such Inuit art work is sometimes challenging and controversial but it is a reflection of honest work. The Canadian Inuit art is a good example such as the one brought out by James Houston writings. James Houston was first artist to get involved in the Canadian Inuit art in 1948 with the objective of searching new land to paint. People living in the new land were very friendly, warm and the environment was vast, beautiful and cold. Interaction with the Indian and Inuit people in the Arctic provided the best opportunity for James to introduce Inuit culture to the world. Introduction of Inuit culture was made possible with the use of remarkable stories and art. There are four main particular exciting Inuit art work by James Houston in his writings. These include the White Archer, Akavak, Worlfrun and Tiktaliktak (Graburn, 2). The art work was collected in a good volume which illustrates the story about Arctic and nationalism. Many Canadian art and craft galleries, souvenir shops, and museum stores clearly confirm that tourist art is a measure of Canadian and Inuit work. Inuit art for the last say half a century has been appropriated by people living in the southern part of Canada. In addition, Inuit art is seen as one of the brightest jewels representing Canadian cultural mosaic. Inuit art is considered as one of the most important resource in establishment of Canadian identity. In many particular instances, Inuit images are viewed as symbols for identification in part or whole of the Canadian identity. Many Canadians identify themselves with Inuit art as it is one of the unquestionable means of identity. The Canadian government is usually devoted to identify between non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal peoples. The rhetorical power is used to establish a body of identifications for national identity. However, there are other indigenous images used by Canadians to represent national identity but Inuit art is the most outstanding. Indigenous art also play a very important part in identification and act as a symbol for national community identification. Organizational, individual and institutional identification needs in Canada are served through striking graphic power, prints, carvings and ability to be recognized (Maryllbelle, 1). The good graphical work creates expressive symbols for federal government. This is a clear representation of Canadian symbolism in the form of art graphics. Successive governments have tried to recognize the construction of unique Canadian identity as one of the most critical part of their mandate. For purpose of maintaining consistency, the Canadian government has tried to distinguish Canada from other countries through the use of Inuit art. A line on map could have been used to differentiate Canada from other countries but since confederation, art graphics have been in use. There are certain drawbacks in any given state that result to individual division such as ethnicity, language or religion. The use of Inuit art has no negative effects as are related to religion, language or ethnicity. Canadians have tried to differentiate themselves from U. S and other countries through the use of symbols or identity with genuine characteristics. Canadian identity has been constructed by constant shifting rhetorical identification and division process that aim at bringing communities together. It also aims at separating communities from one another as history shows how Canadians have tried to negotiate the nature of the countries core values. Identification of core values is shaped by discursive resources which were developed in the course of European settlement in Canada. Association of parties with material objects creates a marker which supports a sense of nationalism. A wide or broad group of cultural producers creates relevant material objects that interprets objects deemed fit for forming cultural equipment. Artists, dancers, painters, filmmakers, musicians, writers and sculptors play a very important part in promotion of patriotic education. This has been performed since the early twentieth century whereby material objects are provided in styles which fit the service of nationalism. In addition, societies rely on advertisers, teachers, publishers, journalists and other opinion leaders to interpret material objects. The same artists and opinion leaders disseminate the interpreted information to people with a view of constructing an appropriate conceptual linkage between material objects and national feeling (Marryllbelle, 1). The Canadian government plays a very important role in promotion of art work through incorporation of educational programs in schools and other public social gatherings. The Canadian government officially clarifies stresses and introduces appropriate pieties for material resource assortment that reflects values of country through public presentations, campaigns and internet. The use of public campaigns is to familiarize people about cultural products which help to promote art work. Canadian citizens store have their confidence in attitudes relating to resources for future reference. The retrieval of cultural attitudes arises in instances when certain national institutions try to stir up patriotic passion. Vocabularies at national levels are considered as reasons for, results of, and development of identification constructions on the basis of common interests of the citizens. The Inuit art is a reflection of Canadian language which tries to emphasis on cultural values leading to diversity of human ideas. Language is one main tool of identification which provides individuals with self worth and a sense of belonging. In the event a small group of community living within a given state loses its language, the members of the community feel left out in their identity as a cultural group. To avoid loosing identity by certain minority groups, certain commissions are formed to fight for rights of such minority communities (Stern & Stevenson, 8). Other alternative way of preserving the dignity of minority groups is through the use of art work which reflects the cultural believes of the individuals. A close look on the Canadian native art reveals that it has contributed to international exposure over the past centuries. Huge budgets have been drawn by government to support promotion of art with a view of carving out a national identity. Promotion of Eskimo art is one relative example to reflect the level at which government is in support of the Inuit art. The history of Canada showed that establishment of a national identity figure was made to promote cultural features. The desire to establish an iconic identification figure arose since the 19th century. This is a time when the Canadians wanted to establish their own identity separate from that of United States and British. After the First World War, considerations relating to public opinions changed through the efforts of seven artists (Grabaum, 1). Although they had no roots in Canada many of them were trained in Europe, their exposure and expertise into artistic work made the group of seven to travel many parts of Canada and established became one of the most sought Canadian arts. The spirit of Canada was captured in the national art and a modern style was clearly identified as suitable and had unique features reflecting Canadian culture. A large number of young artists in Canada started painting in the same vein as the seven artists. The disbursement of the seven artists group led to promotion of art work in the entire Canada. The Second World War provided a chance for Canada to establish Canadians artists (Pupchek, 7). This marked the turning point in the category of Canadian art history. Canada was very enlightened and happy with their war time military in addition to artistic efforts. This led to a revival in Canadian nationalism in various fields of art and culture which has been depicted in many journals and magazines. Nationalization of the Canadian art was a step prompted by government position to increase its support to art work. James Houston’s travel to the North gave him the chance to meet with the Inuit’s where he collected some of their art work, crafts and souvenirs. He inspired other artists who eventually started to carve small figures using soapstone which were basically used to make pots and lamps. The Inuit art was very instrumental as it was used to establish Canada as a great Northern power. The favorable image of Inuit art being products of nature, creativity of artists in ecological matters, lack of competition with mainstream art and adept at creation of materials made it possible for Inuit art to be used as a sign of Canadian national heritage.

Memory Keepers Daughter Essay

Truth be told nobody is normal or perfect each and every one of us have our flaws, insecurities and concerns. In The Memory Keeper’s Daughter by Kim Edwards argues that . In life, there are many things that we can neither cure nor accept nor overcome; sometimes all it takes is one choice to determine the rest of our lives. One winter night in 1964, a Dr. David Henry makes a decision that will haunt his life forever. On a winter night in 1964, an unusual Kentucky blizzard forces Dr. Henry and his nurse Caroline Gill to deliver his own twins for his wife, Norah. First born is the boy, Paul, who is a visibly perfect baby. Shortly after, the baby girl Phoebe is born and is noticed to have symptoms of Down Syndrome. David cannot accept his baby girl because he does not want his wife to go through the same trauma his mother went through with the death of his little sister due to a heart defect. In a split second, David decides that the girl should be placed in an institution to spare Norah the suffering, and he asks the Caroline, the nurse, to take Phoebe to the institution. After Caroline left the Henry’s house, and seeing the horrible conditions of the institution, Caroline decides to keep the baby and raise Phoebe herself. David then lies to his wife and says that their daughter died at birth. This quick lie David Henry tells his family changes their life forever. The â€Å"death† in the family immediately causes a distance between David and Norah; David becomes infatuated with a camera that Norah bought for him while Norah turns to drinking. The distance between the Henry’s continues to grow even further while David and Norah aspire to do totally different things with their lives. David wants to become a photographer and tries to immerse himself in his work, he tries to ignore the resulting toll it takes on his family by viewing everything through a camera lens, almost†¦ We as people are in general very bias even if you don’t mean to be, you can be bias to the types of foods that you prefer, or to people who may or may not have mental illnesses. Life is filled with things beyond our control, and we must rely on ourselves to discover the link between suffering, joy and acceptance. There will always be thing that we can neither cure nor accept nor overcome; sometimes all it is going to take is one choice to determine the rest of our lives and The Memory Keeper’s Daughter by Kim Edwards proves this.

Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay Example for Free

Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay Internet censorship (6) , Alternative solutions (2) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints This report was commissioned to elaborate other alternative methods that can be used to monitor internet information in Australia without incorporating internet filtration as the Australian government proposes. The future of Australian children has been compromised by the immoral vices that the use of the internet perpetuates. Moreover, organizations, customers and innovators have also suffered from this paradigm which advocates for phishing, on-line identity theft and piracy among others. Therefore, the report advocates for the use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarians. These methods are not liable to scrutiny and criticism as they do not impede the first amendment bill of the constitution which advocates for freedom of expression among other concerns explained in the report. Furthermore, the report evaluates this range of methods and concludes that it would be ideal to implement the technology method. Introduction Advancement in technology has increased the reliance of internet as a means of entertainment and education source. It has also encompassed the education curriculum, social, economic and political activities creating both a positive and a negative impact. We have been able to succeed and are actually grateful because most of the information and technological know how can be retrieved with ease. However, our children and business enterprises have been adversely affected by the increased internet sexual harassment, privacy invasion, cyber-bullying, on-line identity theft, piracy and phishing just to mention a few in the unending list. In the event our children have developed aggressive attitudes which advocates for delinquent behaviours. On the other hand children that have experienced internet sexual harassment and bullying among others become depressed and thus are cut out from social life and its benefits. This explains the increased rates of teenage suicidal attempts in Australia (Australian Government 2007). Therefore, the government has taken a further step in an attempt of curbing this predicament by introducing mandatory internet filtration to all internet services at home, in schools and public computers used by he Australian children. The government also plans to prepare the Australian children on strategies of being responsible cyber-citizens, protecting their identity while on-line, understanding the impact of their actions on others while using the internet, responding to cyber-bulling and invasion of their privacy among other negative internet vices. To achieve this the government plans to launch education curriculum that provides first rate cyber-safety education programs and educate parents on the negative vices prevailed by the internet thus ensuring their children use the internet responsibly. Furthermore, the government plans to use the blacklist formulated by the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to ensure harmful information is not availed to the children, establish a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) to easily access information affecting children on-line and to do further research on cyber- safety issues in Australia among others (Australian Government 2007). This initiative has been met with mixed reactions as some citizens support the idea while others reject the move critically analysing it. Critics view the move as a lash to the development and welfare of the citizens in terms of internet use because internet censorship will reduce the speed of the internet, the initiative is not effective because people will still be able to access the prohibited information through the use of proxy services and web services just to mention a few. The initiative will also violate the first amendment bill which advocates for freedom of expression. The country will waste a huge sum of its capital through the implementation of this impractical solution because approximately USD 22billion of tax payers’ money will be used to implement this initiative. Furthermore, the criteria that will be used to determine the appropriate age to use the internet, the appropriateness of information on the internet and determining a comprehensive blacklist are in question. Therefore, to anal the dilemma the government is facing this report will elaborate on alternative methods of internet censorship other than internet filtration that can be used (Harvey 2009b). Alternative solutions To end the conflicts that have arisen because of the proposal of incorporating compulsory Internet Service provider (ISP) filtering in the country the government should implement other alternatives such as use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarian to implement internet censorship as outlined below. Technology The government can utilize the available technology to help implement their strategies on internet censorship rather than using internet filtration. It can establish websites that teach and warn adults and children on the dangers prevailed by the internet and how to avoid them. Alternatively it can take the initiative of funding such programs that have already being established. This method will be effective as the probability of people using the internet to access such information is high. The method is also cost effective as such initiatives have been implemented in other countries for example USA and proved to be efficient. Also the government will easily be able to avail on-line safety rules to the vicinity of children such as using passwords, meeting people met through the internet with the consent or accompaniment of parents and avoiding giving out personal information. For instance the Business Software Alliance (BSA) has enable to alert and educate e-tailers and customers on the dangers of internet such as auction site frauds, counterfeiting, identity theft and phishing among others and effective ways of preventing being victims of the above vices. BSA has established a website were they offer their learning and safe guarding tips by displaying stories from victims and tips of avoiding such incidents (Lindroth 2008). Moreover, programs that allow parents to personally regulate internet information availed to their children should be used. This will prevent the government from formulating legislations that violated constitutional rights such as freedom of speech and expression. It will also allow the development of this technology thus benefiting the country and improving the welfare of the population at large. For example US citizens have been able to enjoy the benefits of using glubble a Firefox browser plug-in that has enabled parents to create a safe browsing environment for their kids. The technology is easy to use, fast to install, helps parents to manipulate internet information at the vicinity of their children and enable their children to have the appropriate on-line experience. Furthermore, it does not limit internet information that is important to adults but harmful to children such as family planning tips. Therefore, the government should capitalize on such mechanisms by offering their support either politically or economically (Gary 2009). Political power The government is politically empowered thus has the power to control legislations and policies that regulate this country. Therefore, it should use this opportunity to formulate policies that will enable attainment of cyber-security without contradicting on legislations that had been previously formulated. For instance use of plug-ins and programs that will allow parents and public utilities where children are predominate users of the internet will increase intellectual property infringement therefore, legislations that will protect owners innovation should be stipulated allowing effective use of trade marks, patents and copyright laws among others thus expand the rights of these intellectual property holders. This will encourage innovators thus increase the variety of the advanced technology to consumers. Furthermore, it will increase the competitive nature of the economy of Australia both locally and in the world market. The government should also stipulate mechanisms that will take stern action against culprits who are caught perpetuating cyber-bulling, internet sexual harassment and stealing peoples’ identity. The government should also avail easy mechanisms for reporting vices that curb cyber-safety. This will serve as a warning to prospective culprits and thus decrease the number of such incidents. Also children will grow up morally as they will avoid practising such vices because this initiative will effectively tame them. Victims of such vices, parents, and children will willingly surrender information concerning such culprits to the relevant authority because of the assurance that effective action will be taken (Harvey 2009a). Moral ethics Most of the activities and information in the internet are morally wrong as they violate ethics and human norms. Therefore, another mechanism that can be used to increase cyber-safety is educating and guiding the population and children in particular on moral vices that can be adopted, thus enabling the adherence and respect of business, religious, social and moral ethics. For example more incidents of school children participating in social networking sites that perpetuate immoral behaviour such as pornography and prostitution are evident therefore, learning institutions should formulate policies that will effectively deal with school children that participate in such incidents and break school rules. Parents on the other hand should develop engaging relationships with their children to be able to further instil the moral principles that they learn and adopt from their school environment. Therefore, the school administration should work hand in hand with the government to clearly outline guidelines that will discipline students in regards to information availed and collected from the internet. The collation that will be formed will also help parents and the general Australian population to access such guidelines thus further perpetuate adherence to moral ethics and human norms (Madson 2005). It is quite evident that teachers nowadays use social networking sites for education purposes. Therefore, teachers should ensure that they effectively elaborate to their students how they intend to communicate to them and the necessary instructions that they should follow when logged into such sites to prevent them from accessing information that is not related to education and perpetuates immorality. Alternatively the school administration should establish websites which should be regularly monitored where teachers and students can communicate. Moreover, the learning institutions should implement educative programs that will educate the students on issues related to on-line- safety and the responsible ways of using Facebook and MySpace among others. Furthermore, policies that will effectively deal with students that perpetuate and practice cyber-bullying should be enacted. This responsibility should not only be left to the school administration and the government, other bodies such as religious institutions, public conferences and gatherings, activists and ethicist should also advocate for the adherence of moral ethics and human norms through the use of mechanisms such as safety conversation (McMahon 2008). Civil libertarian The government should also not ignore the role played by civil libertarians rather they should work hand in hand with them. This will further help them to ensure cyber-safety in Australia is emanated and thus protect the innocence and rights of children. This is because civil libertarians fight for the rights and respect of computer and network users by encouraging those involved to register with them thus regulates their activities. Therefore when formulating new legislations or changing those that already exists the government should engage such organizations thus the policies that will be formulated will be at the best interest of all stakeholders. For instance the Electronic Frontier Foundation in US provides legal assistance to companies or organizations that have out rightly been denied their constitutional rights by implementation of impractical legislations. In the event the organization promotes the US laws and allows efficient incorporation of advanced technology into the country. However, it indirectly regulates the information in the internet by offering legal support to organizations that avail useful information which is not harmful to the social being and economic welfare of the community and the country. Therefore, Australia should implement this example and follow suit as cyber-security will be enhanced while protecting and respecting the constitutional and human rights of its citizens (Swidorski 2003). Conclusion From the above facts it is quite clear that all the above principles should be implemented to effectively implement internet censorship. Each principle covers a specific area of enhancing cyber-safety in the country and among the citizens. The role that the government and politicians in general can play in the attempt of protecting Australian children from internet immoral vices without developing conflicts is outlined. However, the government also needs to work hand in hand with the school administration, teachers, parents and civil libertarians to efficiently enhance on-line security and educate Australian children on mechanisms of being responsible cyber-citizens. Also as we aim to be a world class country we will have to incorporate more sophisticated technology which is mainly attained from the reliance of the internet therefore, this subject should be researched regularly to enable formulation of policies that are relevant to the current technology in the country. In the event the country will be able to attain the technology without restrictions that may curb its development. Therefore, from my own opinion it is ideal for the government to implement the technology method which will go hand in hand with the development objective of the country because it will be cheaper to incorporate, it will be easier to regulate internet information at the disclosure of children while still gaining access to information that will help in improving the welfare of the community and country at large and human rights will not be violated as a result of internet censorship which I do not support. Word Count: 2189 List of references Australian Government (2007), Attitudes and behaviour of young people on-line, Research Summary. Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009]. Gary, J. (2009), â€Å"Short range plug-ins work best in US,† Automotive Engineer, 34(3), p. 49. Harvey, S. (2009a), Australian internet censorship in practice, Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] Harvey, S. (2009b), Issues with re-establishing identity after natural disasters, Available at < http://www. pingudownunder. com/blog/index. php> [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] Lindroth, L. (2008), â€Å"How to improve on-line safety,† Teaching Pre K-8, 28(7), p20. Madson, W. (2005), Internet censorship, Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] McMahon, F. (2008), â€Å"Smooth operator,† Digital Content Producer, 34(11), pp. 30-33. Swidorski, C. (2003), â€Å"Political science, the Labour Movement, and the struggle for freedom of expression,† New Political Science, 22(3), pp. 319-340. Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia. (2016, Sep 25). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Launching Energy-R Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 2

Launching Energy-R - Case Study Example It is regarded by many critics that marketing is the most crucial of all the functional aspects of the business; it can be argued that marketing is the prime means for attracting a customer, and without customers, there is little that the other departments are going to do. Marketing is important in helping the company to construct upon their corporate and business foundations, and to use them to solidify their goals. In order to further the objectives of the business, the business needs to consider the bigger picture. From the perspective of launching a product in the market, the bigger picture would entail exploring the market potential for the product, researching the competitors in the market giving particular attention to their strengths and weaknesses, coming up with an appropriate marketing strategy for the product and selecting suitable marketing channels. Moreover, it is also important to develop apposite measures for managing and supervising the launch of the product in the market. The purpose of this paper is to research the market potential for an energy drink in London, UK, and to go through the aforementioned process of launching a product. The energy drink is called Energy-R. The initial part of the paper reviews the literature explaining strategic and operational literature. There are various marketing orientations that the customers show towards the consumption of products. Functioning businesses have two main purposes. Firstly, they are working for the retention of the customers that they have attracted. Secondly, businesses are endeavoring to attract new customers and increase their clientele. There are a number of philosophies that can be implemented for the attainment of these two goals of the business. The first philosophy relates to the production concept. This means that all consumers are going to consume those products that are not only within the range of affordability but are also easily and extensively found.

E-commerce of on Supply Chain and Logistics Essay

E-commerce of on Supply Chain and Logistics - Essay Example According to Berger, a study conducted by Momentum Research Group found that US organizations involved in internet business solutions realized cumulative cost savings of US $ 155 billion in a three year period starting in 1998. Johnson and Whang stated that the key aspect of supply chain management has been management of information flow, with the transfer of information between companies their suppliers and customers through internet the importance of information management has created an effective supply chain. E-business is defined as a "marriage between the internet and supply chain integration." This marriage has led to transformation of many processes within a supply chain from procurement to product design and customer management. Various forms of e-business applications can be categorized into e-commerce, e-procurement and e-collaboration (2002). According to Berger "e-commerce can be defined as the conduct of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers or as the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. It can include all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling and negotiation) that enable commerce." E-commerce communicates through e-mail, EDI, file transfer, facsimile, videoconferencing, workflow or interaction with remote computer. E- commerce has also associated with portals, e-marketplaces, e-auctions or virtual inventory. E-commerce impacts upon the three major factors of supply chain namely Physical, Financial and Informational flows. Impact of E-Commerce According to Berger e-commerce essentially gives the companies an access to markets and customers without moving the products and inventory physically, thus the physical movements can be avoided and product information made available through internet. With e-commerce solutions and information access being made available '24x7x365', product tracking and tracing information are made simple thus eliminating traditional paper based approach. Hence information flow also gets affected by e-commerce. Similarly financial flows too get affected by faster payments and settlement at every stage of the supply chain by e-commerce solutions. On further analysis it is observed that e-commerce impacts on supply chain for five principle reasons, which are as follows: 1. Major companies cannot afford to sit silent for underperformance, thus "the performance gap can no longer be hidden." 2. The Y2K problem compelled most of the companies to implement newer technologies and software. The e-commerce revolution has lead to the adoption of ERP systems, which manage operations not only internally but also with customers and suppliers. But some companies are in the initial stages of implementation of above steps and thus are unable to enjoy the benefits of these investments. 3. Last few years has seen an unprecedented investment by technology companies leading to "an acceleration of development of new software technology to support supply chain management." 4. Change of supply chain is a tough task and thus most of the companies have been avoiding some areas of supply chain. "The supply chain is one of the last major areas of business benefit." 5. The development of internet technologies have made world smaller and supply

New York State report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New York State report - Essay Example (Cuomo, 2012) Using the $10 billion dollar waiver awarded, the state plans on transforming the health care system of its people through the MRT plan. Some of the key issues outlined in the waiver include: expansion of high quality primary health care, grants to increase health homes for patients in need of extensive health care and facilities, strategies to increase Medicaid savings in the long-term and evaluation of ongoing and new MRT initiatives to ensure that public funds are not embezzled. The plans will ensure that health insurance becomes affordable through reduction of insurance premiums, pulling of resources together to reduce individual costs like coinsurance, copayments and deductibles and providing credits to ease the purchase of the insurance cover for low income earners. The benefits of these reforms are numerous. First, it reduces the high cost of Medicare due to the spread of costs among many people. Pooling of risks and costs among many people will result to lower premium rates and therefore, all costly health care would be affordable to all people. Secondly, a good health system will result in higher productivity since the labor force is healthy. Lastly, people under the insurance cover seek medical attention regularly; this reduces the chances of illnesses occurring and the general cost of the health care. Health insurance exchanges refer to marketplaces where individuals and small businesses can compare and buy health insurance. The exchanges will be accessible through physical offices, phone lines and websites. There are four categories of coverage offered by insurers: platinum, gold, silver and bronze with platinum being the most costly while bronze being the cheapest. The following grants were awarded to the state of New York to develop the Exchange program: Exchange Planning Grant, Early Innovator Grant and Exchange Establishment Grant. (Slavik & Webb, n.d.) The law requires

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company - Essay Example The company in focus for this paper is Hyundai motors. Hyundai is a Korea based company but it has grown steadily in the automotive market over the past few years. Automotive industry is highly competitive these days, according to Bloomberg Businessweek (2012), the US automotive market is highly competitive these days, home companies like General Motors, Ford Motor Co. and Chrysler Group LLC are expected to lose market share to companies like Toyota and Honda. Hyundai Motor Co. has reported to have doubled its share in US automotive market as compared to their share in 2005. It is still expected to gain 0.1 % market share more than the last year. According to the customer retention study carried out by J.D. Power and associates in 2011, Hyundai has been declared to be number one in customer retention. According to the study Hyundai’s customer retention rate has increased by 4 points thus raising it to 64% in the year 2012, which implies that among the automotive brands custome rs were the most loyal towards Hyundai. Its brand name is currently measured to be nearly $5 billion. As the future of every company is based on the relations it has with its customers, thus it’s safe to say that Hyundai's future seems even more promising. In this paper the company’s performance will be analyzed as to see whether its market share value, which is currently $ 203.16 (Won 229,000), according to the company’s overview, reflects the actual performance of the company or not. As the consolidated reports for the year ended 2011 are not available yet, so the analysis will be carried out for the year ended 2008 to year ended 2010. Along with the comparison with last years, the performance of the company will also be compared with the financial performance of Toyota Corp. Financial Analysis As the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the reflection of the company’s performance on its share value, the basic analysis will be carried out on the profita bility of the company with relation to the shareholders’ equity. Keeping the performance of the company from the year 2008 to 2010 in mind, it will be analyzed how the company is performing over the past few years as well as with its competitor Toyota Corp. The profit margin of the company drastically fell to 4.42% from 13.7% in 2009. The company has been able to recover a bit, the profit margin has increased to 7.09% in 2010, and even though the consolidated statements of the company for the year 2011 are not yet released, it has been reported that Hyundai has broken its sales records in the year 2011, so a probable increase in profitability can also be predicted. As opposed to the sketchy performance over these years, the company is still doing better as compared to Toyota Corp., which reported a profit margin of only 1.54% in the year 2010. A company’s revenue is highly dependent on the fact that how the company is utilizing its assets for generating sales every yea r, as is defined by the net return on assets, which has prominently increased for Hyundai over these three years from 2.71% to 19.3%, it would

Biometrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Biometrics - Research Paper Example Biometrics recognition is, therefore, the automatic recognition of users based on behavioral and physiological characteristics. Biometrics seeks to establish a users identity based on who she is rather what she possesses like an ID card or what she remembers like passwords. Biometrics gained popularity when body measurements were used by Alphonse Bertillon to identify criminals in the 19th century. It prompted law enforcer to take criminals fingerprints and store them in a database. The stored fingerprints could then be compared with fingerprints lifted from crime scenes. Biometrics are extensively used to identify criminals but has also gained use in employee clearance for sensitive jobs, determining fatherhood, forensics, identification of prisoners. Performance – refers to the achievable recognition speed and accuracy, the resources to be used in achieving the desired recognition accuracy and speed and the environmental and operational factors that affect the accuracy and speed. Different body parts are being used as a form of biometric recognition. Biometrics ranges from DNA matching, chemical biometric, visual biometric, eyes biometrics ( iris recognition, retina recognition ), finger geometry recognition, Hand geometry recognition, signature recognition and behavioral biometrics (typing recognition), vein recognition and gait. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) matching is the process used in the identification of persons by their DNA profiles. DNA profiles are hidden sets of numbers that reflect an individuals DNA composition, which can also be used as a persons identifier. DNA profiling is different from a full genome sequencing that is used in parental testing and criminal investigation. Even though 99.9% of human DNA sequences are similar in every person, unless they are identical (monozygotic) twins. DNA matching uses repetitive sequences that are highly variable, known as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), particularly

Managing for Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Managing for Competitive Advantage - Essay Example They introduce only two fabric and two garments innovations per year (2003, p8). A growth of .7% means nothing in the industry. They wanted to change many things at once in an effort to regain the lost market but in the process, they ended up losing core customers. The new team, M&R, believed in a selected range, high quality merchandise at reasonable prices with high value (2005, p4). They cut down the product line in clothing as well as in food sector. According to them, too many sub-brands had diluted the main brand. Your M&S helped to draw the brand together. They removed the slow lines and simplified the range (2005, p5). Their concentration was product, service and store environment (2005, p4). Reducing product line enhances the shopping experience they felt. V&H widened the price band by lowering the opening prices in some product lines and believed that they offered best value for money. They wanted to appeal to everyone so had all price ranges and catered to all ages. They wanted to attract the under 35 while M&R felt their core customers belonged to the 35-55 age group (2005, p4). M&R had sharper, very competitive opening prices (2005, p4) while V&H had inconsistent price architecture (2005, p4). V&H used press advertising to appeal to the younger customers. They introduced samples in stores and felt this boosted sales. They changed their products too often, and their designs were complicated (2004, part3, p9), which according to the new team, made the customer feel confused (2006, p5). It was also difficult to find the product they were looking for. M&R thus de-cluttered and simplified the store layouts while V&H constantly tried to change the displays at stores (2005, p5). V&R was not quick to recognize shift in customer demand and could not move fast enough to meet aspirations (2004, part3, p6). This could possibly be due to wide

Case problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Case problem - Essay Example fessed to the salesperson that he has never skied which prompted the salesperson to advise him to take sporting lesson before he can start using his skis (Defence to negligence). Neal is to blame for the injuries he suffers because he disregarded the salesman advice and instead opted to ski without going to learn about it. Neal contributed to his injuries and thus the salesperson should not be blamed. Furthermore, Neal had voluntarily assumed the risk of using the skis without going to learn how to use it (Defence to negligence). According to the tort of negligence, a person who with obvious knowledge of the risks before him should not blame other parties for his injuries. In conclusion, Neal has all the liability because he want to engage in a recreational activity that has a high degree of risk (Defence to negligence). Skis cause a lot of accidents to participant and the danger posed by the sport should not be blamed to merchant of sports kits or their

Persuasive Speech Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Speech Essay When signing up to be an organ donor you usually think only your major organs will be used; however, something as small as a ligament of yours is used in popular surgeries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. When someone tears their ACL they usually have a choice to have an autograft, or use one of their own ligaments, but they can also choose to have an allograft, or take a cadaver’s ligament to repair it. Each has it’s advantages and disadvantages, but I personally think that the better option is the allograft because I think the advantages are better than using your own ligament from another part of your body. The advantages consist of faster operative time, less post-operative pain, and a faster recovery time. When taking a cadaver’s ligament it decreases the time of the operation. Since the surgeon doesn’t have to take time to harvest and prepare the allograft as he or she would have to do with an autograft it saves a little time. The big time saver though is not having to make two different incisions and not having to cut the tendon that would be taken from the patient. This advantage is perfect for the many people who can’t be under anesthesia for that long (Cluett). Since the operative time is faster due to not having to make two different incisions, the pain after the operation is a lot less painful than the autograft. Less post-operative pain is due to no incisions in the patellar tendon or the severing of the hamstring tendon to obtain the graft. The only pain you will be left with is the actual site of the ACL rather than additionally having pain in the tendon that would have been cut. Janice Lloyd, the medical reporter from USA Today states, when using a cadaver ligament the incision is usually smaller thus creating less pain on the incision site (Lloyd). Lifting of the leg is much easier and a lot less painful since the hamstring was not bothered; however, bending is still going to be just as  painful since the ACL is the major ligament being pulled when you bend the knee. Less pain significantly helps lead to a faster recovery. The Recovery is essentially faster in an allograft because of many reasons. Dr. Zane Uhland, an Oklahoma City Orthopedic surgeon says, â€Å"The incisions are smaller; therefore, helping the site be more difficult to become infected which could not only cause even more more drastic pain, but can also cause you to have to have another surgical procedure to drain the infection† (Uhland). The hamstring not having to be cut can help to prevent a dramatic loss of strength back there; therefore, allowing for less physical therapy time. Since the replacement ligament is not taken from you, you only have to focus on rehabilitating on the main muscles supporting the knee and making them strong again. Cadaver ligaments or allografts are a better choice and have better advantages than autografts when repairing a torn ACL. Although they do have their disadvantages such as infections like any major surgery, it is very unlikely for that to happen these days when done properly. I personally experienced ACL reconstructions twice throughout my lifetime. I was tackled on the football field while I was cheering at a football game. His helmet hit my knee, and blew out my knee causing my ACL to tear. When I met with my doctor they gave me the option of which surgery I wanted to try. I got the privilege of trying out both methods; using my hamstring ligament the first time then a cadaver ligament the second. The hamstring option not only put me in the worst pain of my life, but also failed after three months of returning to cheerleading. The cadaver ligament was not only a lot less painful, but the healing process was dramatically faster and physical therapy wasn’t something I dreaded going to anymore.

Assessing A Companys Future Financial Health Essay Example for Free

Assessing A Companys Future Financial Health Essay Google is a multinational corporation that serves thousands of consumers worldwide. Through Internet related products such as Internet searches, maps, emails, mobile apps, and other online contents for users Google became the company it is today. Every employee of Google is different in his or her own way; making it a well-diversified organization similar to the global audience they serve. Google’s mission statement is to organize information from all around the world and make it universally accessible at a quick and orderly fashion. This means creating a search engine smart enough to understand the difference between Jaguar, the car, and jaguar, the animal. Google went public in 2004 and has been doing exceptionally well ever since. It has an estimated number of over three hundred million servers using the search engine every day. From these statistics it is easy to say that Google is number one in the Internet information industry. This industry is considered to be one of the most important economic sectors due to the fact that it is for industries that are information intensive. Although there are many search engines similar to Google, such as Yahoo, Facebook, Groupon, Microsoft, and Pearson education, Google seems to be the one consumers use more frequently. The analysis of this paper will discuss the current financial status of Google, conditions relevant to the market, competitors, and recent news. One way to measure the financial health of Google’s current status is to analyze the S.W.O.T analysis: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This being said Google should maintain its current strengths of a successful audience which helped reach a high of $13,100,000,000 operating income for the current fiscal year. With the growth of the company over the last five years Google’s net income, gross profit, and revenue have gradually increased. Hitting a low point towards the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009 then rising again in 2010. Even  during a recession, a time of need, Google remained lucrative through its assets, liabilit ies, stable stock price, and efficiency for paying back debt. Google’s total assets have steadily increased from 2008 to 2012. Some key figures to point out in their assets are the slow growth between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow growth period is probably due to the economic recession. Google also saw a strong growth in assets from the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly kept its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. There was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years. The stock price during the recession drastically decreased for many companies but this was not the case for Google. In 2008, the beginning of the recession, Google’s stock price increased by $7; every year since the recession the stock price has risen and is predicted to continue rising for future years. Google also remains a strong company because of their efficiency on paying back their debt with their cash received from operations. This can be shown by their operating cash flow to total debt ratio. Google’s operating cash flow to total debt ratio is 2.56%. Meaning cash is double the amount of debt issued. Therefore, Google is able to pay back their debt fairly quick. Although Google has some strength’s the company also has some weaknesses. A key factor that contests Google’s respected reputation is its bond rating. In 2011 Google started to issue bonds; they received a rating of AA, the fourth down level of ratings a company can receive. However, the double a rating still means the company is a high credit-quality investment. According to credit rating Agency Moody’s, who gave the rating, Google received the rating due to their substantial financial flexibility as well as its conservative financial philosophy. For the year ending December 31, 2012 for Google, it finished with $60,454,000 in current assets. This is a big increase from 2011, which had $52,758,000 in current assets, a total increase of $7,696,000. The bulk of this increase is due to net  receivables, which could be the result from selling advertising space on credit or one of the many products Google offers. Cash and cash equivalents also had a major jump of $4,795,000, which could be the result from selling phones, advertising, apps, and other cash generating assets Google owns. This is a promising sign to investors because if they can sustain the growth hopefully enough cash will be retained and dividends will be offered. Assets 2012 2011 2010 Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents14,778,000 9,983,000 13,630,000 Short Term Investments33,310,000 34,643,000 21,345,000 Net Receivables 9,729,000 6,387,000 5,261,000 Inventory 505,000 35,000 Other Current Assets 2,132,000 1,710,000 1,326,000 Total Current Assets 60,454,000 52,758,000 41, 562, 00 Google’s total assets have steadily increased dating back from 2008 to 2012. Some key figures to point out in their assets are the slow growth between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow growth period is probably due to the economic recession. Google also saw a strong growth in assets from the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly kept its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. There was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years. Google has a total asset turnover of .6%. The total asset turnover can be interpreted to mean the amount of sales, that each unit of assets can generate. Simply, its smarter to get more sales on the assets that you are deploying to a business. The higher the total asset turnover, the better the business is doing. Therefore, Google’s percentage of .6% is an indication that the company is below the average industry of .7%. The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay short-term liabilities. The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its liabilities. Google has a current ratio of 3.94, in comparison to the industry average of 4.8%. Due to the fact that Google is under the industry average it means that Google can pay  back its short-term debt but not as quick as other companies in the industry. The quick ratio is very similar to the current ratio; in the way it also measures the company’s ability to pay of short-term liabilities. The only difference is that it adds the inventory of the company to its calculations. Google maintains a quick ratio of 3.7, which still shows it, is efficient in paying off its short-term obligations. The debt to equity ratio indicates wha t proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. Google has a debt to equity ratio of 11.61%. This is considered high and means that the company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. The high number can result in inconsistent earnings as a result of additional interest expense. Google has a return on assets of 10.5%. This is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Since Google maintains an ROA below the industry average, of 15.6%, this shows that the company is earning less money on investments. Google has ‘day’s sales outstanding’ or DSO of 49.8. This means that Google takes a relatively long time to receive revenue once a sale has been made. This could be because most of their sales could be done on credit. With the expansion of the industry, Google has an opportunity for growth. The current growth rate for 2012 for Google is 11.29% and it is predicted to increase to 17.43% in 2013. The reason Google is predicted to grow over the next year or so is because the demand for online use is more predominant. With the growth of this industry it is vital that Google is aware of the threats it may encounter. One of Google’s biggest competitors, Microsoft, has introduced a newly organized search engine called Bing. The search engine Bing is gradually growing and advancing their technology making them a threat towards Google. Whenever Google advances their technology Bing turns around and does something to make their search engine better, creating a war between the two. Google is generally strong in its ability to cover debt. It has a current ratio of 3.94%, meaning it can efficiently cover its short-term liabilities. The company also has a debt to assets ratio of .07%. This number measures the company’s financial risk by determining how much of the company’s assets have been financed by debt. Since Google’s number is equal to industry average it is easy to infer that Google has average financial risk because its assets are significantly higher than its short and long term debt. Google also shows a strong ability to pay off their  interest because their EBITDA to interest ratio is extremely high at 154.64. The operating cash flow to total debt ratio measures how well the cash generated from Google’s operations covers current liabilities. Google’s operating cash flow to total debt ratio is also high at 2.56. This is a good sign and means Google is able to generate a large sum of cash to pay off debts. When a company with operating cash flow is considerably higher than its net income the company is considered to have high quality. This is the case with Google. In 2008 Google’s net income was $6,632,000,000 and its operating cash flow was $7,853,000,000. Over the last five years both net income and operating cash flows have increased. Net income increased to $13,339,000,000 and the cash from operating activities increase to $15,874,000,000. Since Google is generating a good amount of their money back they have been able to reduce debt alo ng with buying backs some of their stock. Google investing activities primarily consist of information technology, consumer discretionary, and financials. In 2008 Google’s investing activity started out at $5,319,000,000 and gradually increased over the last five years till it reached $19,041,000,000 in 2011. In the beginning of 2012 Google’s investing activities decreased to a $12,101,000,000. In 2012 Google’s main investment was information technology with a hint utility research. Over the last few years Google has spent an exceptional amount of money on capital expenditures, items that last a long time to keep the company running. Over the last three years Google spent an average of $2,755,333,000 on capital expenditures. Cash from financing activities measures the movement of cash between a firm, its owners, and creditors. Financing activities consist of issuing dividends and issuing or selling stock. In 2008 and 2009 there was no long-term or short-term debt issued but in 2010 Google issue over $5,246,000,000 worth of debt and only paid back $1,783,000,000 of the debt. The following year Google issued $10,179,000,000 dollars’ worth of debt and repaid more then 2/3s of the debt, making them a credible company. Over the last few years Google did not have any dividends. In 2010 Google repurchased a stock of $801,000,000 because they felt their stocks were undervalued. When a company buys back stock they increase their earnings per share and increase the market value of the outstanding shares. From 2009 to 2010 cash from financing increased drastically, from $233,000,000,000 to $3,050,000,000,000. With a CAPM beta of 1.23 and a P/E ratio of 21.65 Google is a riskier firm. Google’s beta of 1.23 is above average making it riskier than other firms in the industry due to the amount of debt issued. However, firms with higher risk have higher return. Google’s P/E ratio is also currently under the industry average of 28.70% making the stock undervalued. Over the next year Google had predicted that their P/E ratio would decrease to 17.88. Return on equity or ROE, shows a corporation’s profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. Relative to the industry average of 15.30% Google has a relatively high ROE of 17.18%. Meaning Google generates a strong profit with the money shareholders invested in the company. In comparison to Google, Microsoft has a ROE of 24.5%, EBay has a ROE of 21.28%, Akamai Technologies has a ROE of 8.94%, and Baidu with an exceptionally high ROE of 53.6%. Another way to compare Google to its competitors is to compare benchmarks. Benchmarking of Google’s competitors would be measured in terms of profit margin. The higher the profit margin the more profitable a company is. Google has a profit margin of 59.92 % while its biggest competitor Microsoft has a profit margin of 75.23% and Apple has a profit margin of 43.87%. This means that Microsoft has a competitive advantage of cost control compared to Google, Apple, and other com petitors in this industry. Throughout the years Google has remained a strong well-known company that supplies organized information from all around the world to thousands of consumers every day. Through exploiting strengths, executing opportunities, fixing weaknesses, and distinguishing threats Google can remain a top-notch company and continue to dominate the Internet Information system. Some recent news for this company is the mind-blowing lawsuit between Apple and Google. Within the last year Apple had sewed Google for seeking unreasonably high license fees for patent use on wireless technology. Apple claimed that Motorola was in violation of their patent by seeking a license fee of 2.25 percent of the price of devices. Over the last week Google was  pleased to hear that this lawsuit was dropped due to the fact that there was no basis for the claim. References: Google Inc. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo, n.d. Web. . â€Å"Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results Investor Relations Google. Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚“ Investor Relations ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚“ Google.n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012. Reference for Business. Google, Inc.N.p. n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.

Amway Design Advertising Marketing Essay

Amway Design Advertising Marketing Essay Introduction Amway was founded in 1959 by two entrepreneurs Jay Van Andel  and  Richard DeVos. Amway is a direct selling company based in Ada, Michigan, United States. It is the world largest direct selling company and manufacturer that uses network marketing business model. The company is selling a range of products, mainly in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and also a range of other products. Its products lines include home care products, personal care products, jewellery, electronics, Nutrilite dietary supplements, water purifiers, air purifiers, insurance and cosmetics. Figure 1: Logo of Amway Source: Amway.com Figure 2: Jay Van Andel   Richard DeVos source: Amway.com Figure 3: Multi level marketing source: stock image Although Amway adapts its business model slightly different from market to market however the main marketing strategy still involve the combination of  direct selling  with a  multi-level marketing  strategy. Direct selling defined by Belch as the direct personal presentation, demonstration, and sale of products and services to consumers, generally in their homes or at their jobs (Belch 2006). Besides multi-level marketing also called in different ways by different scholars network marketing (Pratt, Rosa, Josà © 2003) (Cahn, 2006), direct selling (Merilee, 1999), referral marketing (Higgs; Smith, 2007). The distributors under the company as an agent will get rewards for selling products and for sponsoring others who do the same. The bigger of the agent business grows will have the same affect on the rewards. According to the official website of Amway, it conducts business through a number of affiliated companies in more than ninety countries and territories around the world (Amway UK 2009).  It is ranked by  Forbes online source business, financial news and analysis as one of the largest private companies in the United States in the year of 2008 (Forbes 2008)  and by  Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu as one of the largest retailers in the world. The vision of Amway Company is we work each and every day to help people live better lives. We achieve our vision by helping people everywhere discover their potential and achieve their goals by offering better products and opportunities for the future, and by sharing generously with the global community (Amway 2009).   Amway business model is based on the Amway Business Owner Compensation Plan can be descript as a low-risk, low-cost business opportunity that is open to everyone (Amway 2009).   Following paragraphs will evaluate the key strategic factors that have generated success for this business and also being a successful entrepreneurial venture. The concept of entrepreneurship can be divided in to five divisions begin with entrepreneur traits, creativity, innovation, business planning and  growth management (Davison, 2006). These five concepts are the characteristics of an entrepreneur and the business. Key strategic success factors is the combination from all division of the business, different areas of Amway will be discussed on how it is a successful business. Key strategy success factors There are differences to describe and displayed by entrepreneurs. According to Cunningham and Lischeron (1991) characteristics of an entrepreneur can be divided in to six schools of thought. The founders of Amway Jay Van Andel  and  Richard DeVos portray as the psychological characteristics school. The Psychological Characteristics School of entrepreneurship views entrepreneurs as individuals with unique values, beliefs, attitudes and needs which drive them and differentiate them from non-entrepreneurs (Cunningham and Lischeron, 1991). Two founders of Amway started the business by involve themselves in a similar multilevel marketing organisation Nutrilite Products Corporation as the distributors. Further on with the strong human network that they have and formed  The American Way Association business to able them to expend their business and also look for additional products to market. When the business growths stronger there take over different companies and also have their ow n manufacturers. The business keeps on growing with the multilevel marketing system in different countries. They believe in the values that the business can bring to them and have the attitudes that driven them to become successful entrepreneurs. The ability of creativity and innovation will become an advantages for entrepreneur in differentiate their business with others. Schumpeter (1934) mention that entrepreneurship is the realisation of new factor combinations also can be understood as innovation in business. He point out that it is about new products, new services, new raw material sources, new production methods, new markets, new forms of organization. Amway committed themselves into innovation and research. The company has produced more than 800 patents granted and more than 600 patents pending. Throughout the year Amway company has been recognized in their business performance that includes manufacturing excellence, environmental concern, and commitment to safety and health (Amway global, 2010). Figure 4: Basic design school model, Mintzberg 2000 Figure 5: Products range Figure 6 : Amways supply Chain Business plan is the first stage for a business; basic design school model (Mintzberg 2000) is a great model to evaluate a business plan. In the initial stage of the model by looking into the external appraisal this is to examine the external elements influences the entrepreneurs strategy option. There is a huge demand on the FMCG, commodities and also dietary supplements market that with the customer groups from all levels and ages. Although there are lot of big players in this sector, but with the unique multilevel marketing approach it became a strong competitive company. Threats and opportunities in the environment  is one of the important element is the Basic design school model. The threats and opportunities of Amway will be explained as an entrepreneurial point of view. Begin by presenting the first opportunity of the business; from a lager scope China and India are the two countries that with a large scale of market share. From a larger scale the opportunity that the company gains as China remains the core opportunity with the huge market. In the year 1998 Amway was one of the direct selling company that banned by government of China to operate in the country. However in December 2006 Amway was one of the first companies to receive a license to resume direct sales by chinas ministry of commerce. The rules and regulation that keep on changing by different countries will bring both threats and opportunities time by time. Second from a smaller scale based on recent economic recession has presented Amway with an opportunity to increase their income as its Independent Business Operators (IBOs) through their Amway sales at the same time it also provide an opportunity for individual to recruit new IBOs to join the business to be the same in this economic situation. Besides opportunities there are also threats to be considered as an entrepreneur. In a weak economic with high unemployment there will be an increase in the recruitment in the new IBOs however this is still subject to weak retail sales. Somehow the IBOs may turn away from Amway when they are unable to generate sufficient revenue. The big players in the FMCG market such as PG and LOreal consolidated share by acquisition over the review period, and the competitive environment for Amway became more aggressive. Besides With recent consolidation among standard distributed VDS brands. Amway is facing increasing competition from non-direct sellers (Euromonitor International, 2009). The key success factors in the marketing of Amway that act as the most important method to generate the rapid grow of the company. In most of the countries with the Amway business, the company will provide support for it IBOs. Because of the nature of MLM, the number of IBOs of Amway will be multiplied in a short period of time. Through the support from the company, it will provide training and educating system about Amway business. The purpose is to persuade them to follow the philosophy regards to the method of performing in the business. Besides, there are also materials to support the business for example information in CD, books and events to promote the business and also as a motivation factor. The first point is about Amway have a group of loyalty consumer that are the group of distributors. IBOs of the company with the concept of building up their business and intend to buy and use the products themselves. The group of IBOs will be influenced to a great extent by the community as well as they are constantly encouraged to try the product in advance, before selling it with a better understanding and knowledge of the new products (Wotruba, 1990). Second point a strong word of mouth created around the Amway community and this will influence friends and relative of the consumer, the IBOs expected to have the similar influences of sharing tastes and interests (Chen et al 1998). The recommendations from the opinion leader would be trusted and acceptable. Following with the judgments of the product, the quality of the product has been acknowledges to be with high standard. Specific support and training from the supplier and products manual builds positive perception and confident of the products. The price of the products is consider expensive, however the high prices are justified on the basis of quality and the usage which involves lower cost compare with products from other company with the similar function ability. Aggressive on New products launch and promotions from time to time by the company has generated increase in sales for the company. The promotion will give the IBOs to push the products out to the market to gain the benefits from it. A new launch of products will provide the IBOs with new opportunity to introduce it to their customers. One of the big different between the conventional business like PG compare with Amway is, Amway did not need to spend huge among of money to invest in the distribution channels and the mass advertising. These give the company an advantage in the spread of advertising and marketing cost over the volume, this result in a lower unit cost and more competitive prices. The strength of the company came from a strong presence in the emerging markets, notably China, Russia and India, Amway is well positioned to benefit from the strong growth anticipated in these markets over the 2008- 2013 period. (Euromonitor International, 2009) On the other hand, the weakness of the company is because direct sales has a poor image in Western markets. Amway has been accused in the past of failing to support its IBOs. While the company has defended itself against these claims, damage has been done to its reputation. Figure 7 : Logo of OneBYOne campaign Figure 8: Logo of unicef Amway practices a strong social responsibility and it recognise as being a good corporate citizen. Amway has a global campaign to help children named OneBYOne. The campaign illustrates the idea of making a difference in childrens lives one step at a time and it is part of an umbrella cause to improve the wellbeing of children worldwide (The Time 100, 2010). In the European part Amway Europe has work together with the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), to support the global champion for childrens right. It recognises the importance of building good working relationships with UNICEFs National Committees in each market in order to rollout fundraising programmes to Amways IBOs and their customers. (The Time 100, 2010) Figure 9 : Economies of scale spreading costs in advertising Figure 10 : Growth Stages Churchill and Lewis (1992) Entrepreneurs business growth can be explained into five stages of existence, survival, success, take ­off, and maturity (Churchill and Lewis, 1992). As a whole the Amway business is in a maturity stage, with the long history of the cooperation and also business worldwide. However because of the unique business approach, business will repeat the process of business growth in newly opened market. The consistency performance of the Amway business will lead the company to maintain in the business stability in the maturity stage. Conclusion After discussion, explanation and evaluation about the direct selling company from different perspectives in entrepreneurial, business, marketing and social responsibility. All these elements have sum up and became the key strategic factors that have generated success for the Amway Company. Entrepreneurship is a process that keeps on developing,x different challenges will come a head in the future and the entrepreneur will need to be prepared to face the challenges.

Essay --

T. S. Eliot: Metaphysical Poetry, Prufrock and Hollow Men In the essay â€Å"The Metaphysical Poets,† T. S. Eliot explicates and praises the anti-Romantic and intellectual qualities of metaphysical poetry which Johnson had disapproved. Eliot writes â€Å"the poet must become more and more comprehensive, more allusive, more indirect in order to force, to dislocate if necessary, language into his meaning.† Eliot praised the metaphysical poets’ ability to find the verbal equivalent for states of mind and feeling while using clear, simple, pure language, and unexpected analogies to makes their reader sit up and consider a thought or emotion in a completely nuanced way, such language of metaphysical poetry is evident in Eliot’s poems, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, and The Hollow Men. Eliot states that the term metaphysical has been used as a term of abuse or as the label of a quaint and pleasant taste. Johnson himself, who employed the term ‘metaphysical poets’ with the poet Donne chiefly in mind, remarks, â€Å"the most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together.† Johnson apprehended the metaphysical style where the â€Å"effects are due to a contrast of ideas, different in degree, but the same in principle.† The force of Johnson’s argument lies in his belief that the metaphysical poets could only correlate dissimilar ideas with violence, and that they could not fuse their analogies into a whole. Eliot remarks that this, however, is not the case and that many of the metaphysical poets have succeeded in combining heterogeneous ideas. Eliot quotes from Bishop King, Herbert and Cowley and other such poets to support his assertion. Thus, Eliot concludes that the fault Johnson references is not valid and the unity of heteroge neous ideas is com... ... as corrosive and cowardly. In the final lines of the poem, the prickly pear rhyme ends in a song about the end of the world. And this is how the world ends in the realm of the hollow men, â€Å"not with a bang, but with a sad and quiet whimper.† Eliot creates a desolate and alienated world where the hollow men dream of a kingdom that could release them from the constant state of nothingness. He focuses on the hollow men’s inability to transcend although it is their only hope. He uses the imagery of disembodied eyes and fading stars to depict the state of the men’s consciousness. Aspects of the form copy the characteristics of the hollow men, as well. The speakers desire to avoid speech and his inability to complete full sentences are shown in the final lines of the poem. Eliot deploys, the hollow men represent all humankind, and their tragic existence concerns everyone. Essay -- T. S. Eliot: Metaphysical Poetry, Prufrock and Hollow Men In the essay â€Å"The Metaphysical Poets,† T. S. Eliot explicates and praises the anti-Romantic and intellectual qualities of metaphysical poetry which Johnson had disapproved. Eliot writes â€Å"the poet must become more and more comprehensive, more allusive, more indirect in order to force, to dislocate if necessary, language into his meaning.† Eliot praised the metaphysical poets’ ability to find the verbal equivalent for states of mind and feeling while using clear, simple, pure language, and unexpected analogies to makes their reader sit up and consider a thought or emotion in a completely nuanced way, such language of metaphysical poetry is evident in Eliot’s poems, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, and The Hollow Men. Eliot states that the term metaphysical has been used as a term of abuse or as the label of a quaint and pleasant taste. Johnson himself, who employed the term ‘metaphysical poets’ with the poet Donne chiefly in mind, remarks, â€Å"the most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together.† Johnson apprehended the metaphysical style where the â€Å"effects are due to a contrast of ideas, different in degree, but the same in principle.† The force of Johnson’s argument lies in his belief that the metaphysical poets could only correlate dissimilar ideas with violence, and that they could not fuse their analogies into a whole. Eliot remarks that this, however, is not the case and that many of the metaphysical poets have succeeded in combining heterogeneous ideas. Eliot quotes from Bishop King, Herbert and Cowley and other such poets to support his assertion. Thus, Eliot concludes that the fault Johnson references is not valid and the unity of heteroge neous ideas is com... ... as corrosive and cowardly. In the final lines of the poem, the prickly pear rhyme ends in a song about the end of the world. And this is how the world ends in the realm of the hollow men, â€Å"not with a bang, but with a sad and quiet whimper.† Eliot creates a desolate and alienated world where the hollow men dream of a kingdom that could release them from the constant state of nothingness. He focuses on the hollow men’s inability to transcend although it is their only hope. He uses the imagery of disembodied eyes and fading stars to depict the state of the men’s consciousness. Aspects of the form copy the characteristics of the hollow men, as well. The speakers desire to avoid speech and his inability to complete full sentences are shown in the final lines of the poem. Eliot deploys, the hollow men represent all humankind, and their tragic existence concerns everyone.

The Origin Of Language Essay -- essays research papers fc

There has been considerable historical discourse over the nature of language. Most contend that thought and language are two interrelated criteria. Just how these criteria relate to the controversy over whether animals have language capabilities and even more specifically to the Sapir-Whorf human language thought debate, however, is not always clear. From a human context we know that language is a skill which allows us to communicate our thoughts to others and in so doing to attain desired "biological, cognitive, and social/behavioral feedback" (McDonnell, 1977). The question as to whether language is a skill that human beings are born with or whether it is a skill that is acquired is a complex one and not one in which all researchers are in agreement. Neither are researchers in agreement about whether animals have the capability of language. To resolve these controversies we must look to both human and animal research. The linguistic relativity theory known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf (a linguist and anthropologist) and Edward Sapir. The theory argues that language is a finite array of lexical and grammatical categories that group experiences into usable classes which vary across cultures but influence thought. The theory maintains that a concept cannot be understood without an appropriate word for that concept. To explore this theory and the animal language controversy we must first accept that both animals and humans have the capacity for language. The next task then would be to determine whether that capacity is innate or acquired. A characteristic which is innate is an instinctual behavior and most often one which one was born with. An innate or instinctual behavior is often associated with an organism's genetic propensity to behave or react in a certain way. Innate language ability or our genetic makeup, under the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, would serve to limit the conceptual ability of an individual for without words concepts could not be understood according to this hypothesis. There are numerous points which can serve to discredit this hypothesis. The interaction between genetic makeup and behavior or reaction is an interesting one. Some researchers contend that basic linguistic organization, or grammar, is a one, which is built into the human brain (McConnell, 1977). These researcher believe that humans... ... is, inarguably, a tremendously important part of linguistic development and refinement. Obviously it is social interaction which determines the particulars of our language. It could be contended therefore that because animals have not been presented with the appropriate stimulus which would require the refinement of their language, they have not refined language skills to the degree which is evidenced in humans. This does not mean that animals are incapable of language, or that they lack an understanding of concepts due to their lack of words for those concepts, just that they presently lack the degree of refinement which is observable in human language. Bibliography Grunwald, Lisa; Jeff Goldberg and Stacey Be. (1993, 1 Jul). Discovery: The Amazing Minds of Infants. Life. Huba, M.E.; and S. Ramisetty-Mikler. (1995, 1 Sep). â€Å"The Language skills and concepts of early and non-early Readers.† Journal of Genetic Psychology. McConnell, James V. (1977). Understanding Human Behavior: â€Å"An Introduction to Psychology.† Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York. Murray, Linda A. (1996, Feb 1). Social Interaction and the â€Å"Development of Language and Cognition.† British Journal of Psychology. The Origin Of Language Essay -- essays research papers fc There has been considerable historical discourse over the nature of language. Most contend that thought and language are two interrelated criteria. Just how these criteria relate to the controversy over whether animals have language capabilities and even more specifically to the Sapir-Whorf human language thought debate, however, is not always clear. From a human context we know that language is a skill which allows us to communicate our thoughts to others and in so doing to attain desired "biological, cognitive, and social/behavioral feedback" (McDonnell, 1977). The question as to whether language is a skill that human beings are born with or whether it is a skill that is acquired is a complex one and not one in which all researchers are in agreement. Neither are researchers in agreement about whether animals have the capability of language. To resolve these controversies we must look to both human and animal research. The linguistic relativity theory known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf (a linguist and anthropologist) and Edward Sapir. The theory argues that language is a finite array of lexical and grammatical categories that group experiences into usable classes which vary across cultures but influence thought. The theory maintains that a concept cannot be understood without an appropriate word for that concept. To explore this theory and the animal language controversy we must first accept that both animals and humans have the capacity for language. The next task then would be to determine whether that capacity is innate or acquired. A characteristic which is innate is an instinctual behavior and most often one which one was born with. An innate or instinctual behavior is often associated with an organism's genetic propensity to behave or react in a certain way. Innate language ability or our genetic makeup, under the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, would serve to limit the conceptual ability of an individual for without words concepts could not be understood according to this hypothesis. There are numerous points which can serve to discredit this hypothesis. The interaction between genetic makeup and behavior or reaction is an interesting one. Some researchers contend that basic linguistic organization, or grammar, is a one, which is built into the human brain (McConnell, 1977). These researcher believe that humans... ... is, inarguably, a tremendously important part of linguistic development and refinement. Obviously it is social interaction which determines the particulars of our language. It could be contended therefore that because animals have not been presented with the appropriate stimulus which would require the refinement of their language, they have not refined language skills to the degree which is evidenced in humans. This does not mean that animals are incapable of language, or that they lack an understanding of concepts due to their lack of words for those concepts, just that they presently lack the degree of refinement which is observable in human language. Bibliography Grunwald, Lisa; Jeff Goldberg and Stacey Be. (1993, 1 Jul). Discovery: The Amazing Minds of Infants. Life. Huba, M.E.; and S. Ramisetty-Mikler. (1995, 1 Sep). â€Å"The Language skills and concepts of early and non-early Readers.† Journal of Genetic Psychology. McConnell, James V. (1977). Understanding Human Behavior: â€Å"An Introduction to Psychology.† Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York. Murray, Linda A. (1996, Feb 1). Social Interaction and the â€Å"Development of Language and Cognition.† British Journal of Psychology.

Analysis of T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay

Analysis of T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' demonstrates the effects of social and economic pressure in the life of a Victorian man. T.S. Eliot shows us, in an ironic monologue, how the reality of age and social position paralyzes his character with fear. The poem opens with six lines from Dante?s ?Infernio?. This particular stanza explains that the speaker is in hell and the message can only be told to someone else in hell. The speaker tells us that it is OK for the listener to hear the message, since in order to hear you must already be in hell and no one ever returns from there. So the message will never leave. I believe Eliot uses this message to infer that only a reader who understands the loneliness and desperation of Prufrock can truly understand the poem. However, in my research, I have found as many different interpretations of the poem as I have found readers. Most agree; however, that Prufrock is speaking to the reader when he says ?you and I?(Line 1). Many readers also agree that Prufrock is a lonely man, but what type of company he desires seems to vary greatly. Interpretations include sex, social company, long term love, and even death. I believe Prufrock yearns for the sense of belonging, both with a female and with his society. He struggles with issues of sex, age and social change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beginning lines of the poem(1-25) paint for a very descriptive picture of the street where Prufrock is walking. It also alerts the reader of Prufrock?s distaste for this area and this society. He describes it as ?have deserted?,?muttering?.?one-night cheap hotels? and ?sawdust restaurants?.(5-7) He contrasts that with his destination of a ?room where women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo?(13). Prufrock doesn?t give the reader much insight into his thoughts until line 26. From this line forward, we get a glimpse of what it must be like to be Prufrock. He tells us ?There will be time, there will be time/ To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet?(27-28), indicating repression. He must ?prepare? himself mentally to be able to put on the correct social image before he makes his ?visit?(12). The rest of the poem simply reinforces his struggle between the way he would like to be and the reality of his life. He begins to ponder the ?overwhelming question?(11) ... ...e is ?almost ridiculous--/ Almost, at times, the Fool.?(118-119)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although many of the comments and interpretations of ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? that I have read seem to believe that the last 4 stanzas are a sign that he may break out of his shell. I believe it is the surrender of all hope and the recognition of the inconceivability of his desires. I think lines 120-130 are Prufrock?s way of telling us of the dream of youth that he will leave behind. He will not ?wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled?(121) nor ?wear flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.? These are the customs and actions of young passionate men. Men whose physical appearance and less stuffy lifestyle will attract the ?mermaids?(124). He concedes ?I do not think that they will sing to me.?(125) Prufrock leaves us with the thought of how life and society can force us from our dreams and sink us with reality. ?We have lingered in the chambers of the sea/ By sea-girls wreathed with seeweed red and brown/ Till human voices wake us, and we drown.?(129-131) Works Cited: Eliot, T. S. ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.? Collected Poems 1909-1962 . New York: Harcourt Brace, 1963.

Hypp Tv

SWOT Analysis of Hypp TV Strength Hypp TV has developed a way for customers to watch movies, television series, documentaries, news and many more even if it rains or shine. Customers are able to watch uninterrupted, crystal clear transmission regardless of the weather. It has also come out with its great value pack whereby customers only pay for what they want. Malaysian customers who subscribe for Hypp TV will have total control on the movies they watch.Customers are able to watch what they want and anytime they want. It is because they are able to play, pause or stop the movie they’re watching. Hypp TV also supports high definition channels. Customers can now enjoy a variety of great programs and shows in high definition. Weakness Hypp TV customers are required to register unifi before they are able to use the services of Hypp TV. Without high speed internet access, movies will have difficulties in loading.It will in fact take more time to buffer than to watch a movie. Hypp TV failed to attract more customers to subscribe to its TV. Opportunity The most obvious opportunity that Hypp TV took was to collaborate with showing high definition movies. With its lighting fast internet speed, Hypp TV subscribers are able to watch them at any time without problem with buffering. They also show latest movies that have recently been screen in cinemas like the all-time favourites â€Å"The Avengers†. ThreatsThe threats that Hypp TV faced is they had to compete against bigger and more experience competitors such as Astro. They also lack in experience since Hypp TV was launch not long ago in 2004. They encountered issues in winning consumer’s interest especially in subscribing to their own television services. Target Audience Hypp TV targets audiences at different ages. Although it is nowhere near its competitor, it still targets customers with their entertainment, sports and also news channels.

Melissa Younan Twelfth Night

However, Olivia does not return this sentiment an d has sworn off marriage while mourning the death of her dear brother. Under the orders of the Duke, Viola goes to Lady Olivia in pursuit to convince her to marry Rosin, though she herself has grown to love him. After the visit, Olivia sends her serve ant after Corsair, otherwise known as Viola in disguise, in order to return a ring that he had supposedly left at her manor. In her soliloquy, Viola is trying to come to a con occlusion as to why Olivia had sent the ring, knowing for a fact that she had not worn one.Fate r processing the events that occurred in their discussion and the ring predicament .NET, Viola realizes that the Lady has fallen in love with who she believes to be Corsair, a ND that he ring is a sign of her affections towards him. Completely unaware that Ices aria is not really a man, but a woman impersonating one, this adds more complication a ND conflict to the Story. By the end Of the soliloquy, Viola is left overwh elmed and unable to find a solution to the unfortunate love triangle she currently finds herself in.In the soliloquy, Viola uses logos to attempt to understand their hopeless situation and pathos to express her pity for Olivia. Viola uses logos when she begins to make connections as to how Olivia acted during their meeting. Viola uses logo s when she says, â€Å"She made good view of me; indeed, so much, / That sure method her eyes had lost her tongue, / For she did speak in starts distractedly'(Act II, scene ii, 676678). The quote shows how Olivia had repeatedly gazed at her and seem d distracted, which can only mean that she is in love with Viola/ Corsair.This appeal proves to be effective because it leads her to finish off the speech by discuss Eng Olive's misplaced love. As for pathos, in lines such as, â€Å"Poor lady, she were better love dream†(683), and, â€Å"What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe†(696), Viola implies Olivia is chasing a fantasy and that since the man that she thinks she loves do s not exist, the only outcome will be her sorrow and misery. This can be seen as pat hose because it compels not only Viola, but the reader as well to feel compassion t awards Olivia.Also, when Viola begins to rant about how frail the hearts of women AR e and â€Å"how easy is it for the propellers / In women's waxen hearts to set their forms! â€Å"(686687), she begins to understand Olivia and how she is not to blame for her misguided love for Corsair. This is both pathos and logos because not only is she feeling pity for women, such as Olivia and herself, but she is also using false 10 gig by eying that misguided love is caused by women having weak hearts.By the en d of the speech, Viola understands Olive's love for who she believes is Corsair and empathetic with Olive's feelings. Viola uses many rhetorical and literary devices throughout her speech as well in order emphasize and/ or make a point. She used examples of apostrophes s uch as â€Å"Disguise, I see, thou art a wickedness†(Act II ii 684) and â€Å"O time! Thou must UN tangle this, not l; / It is too hard a knot for me to untie! â€Å"(697698). When she states â€Å"Disguise, I see, thou art a wickedness†(684), she blames her disguise for making Olivia fallI in love with her. As for â€Å"O time! Thou must untangle this, not l; / It is too hard a knot for me to it is used to show how complex their situation is and how she can't fix it alone. The apostrophes show how Viola eagerly wants to avoid the conflict a ND have it resolved. This is shown through how she pins the blame on a simple disguise and wishes that time will resolve the matter on its own. There is also alliteration in the speech such as â€Å"Fortune forbid† and â€Å"she did speak in starts†. The alliteration I s used to emphasize and show importance.For instance, in the sentence, â€Å"Fortune for id my outside have not charm's her! â€Å"(675), the alli teration is used to show the reader r that Viola is worried about Olivia falling in love with her disguise, as well as to amp hassle Viola's wishes to prevent more conflict and heartbreak to the reader. The sent once, â€Å"For she did speak in starts distractedly†(678), also shows the reader that Viola ha s come to the conclusion that Olivia is in love with Corsair, and catches the readers Tate notion to this fact.In my opinion, I think it is important to read and utilize rhetorical strategies in order to make conclusions about Shakespearean writing. I believe this is crucial I because in order for the reader to comprehend the speech itself, they must get a sense e of what is occurring prior to the speech. Because of this, the reader must analyze the re theoretical situation in the speech in order to understand the main problem, purpose, an d who the speech is really targeted for.Without knowing the situation, the reader would be lost and unable to fully comprehend why the s peech is of importance. Therefore, it is one of the key points in understanding the speech. Also, if you're unable to come to conclusion as to why Shakespeare included devices such as logos, pathos and ‘or ethos n the speech, you would not know whether he was trying make a logical point t, show the credibility of a character, or make the reader feel pity or emotion.

Epistles Of The French Revolution English Literature Essay

â€Å" It is with sorrow that I pronounce the fatal truth: Louis ought to die instead than a 100 thousand virtuous citizens ; Louis must decease that the state may populate † A Maximilien Francois Robespierre â€Å" Justice has its choler, my Godhead Bishop, and the wrath of justness is an component of advancement. Whatever else may be said of it, the Gallic Revolution was the greatest measure frontward by world since the coming of Christ. It was unfinished, I agree, but still it was sublime. It released the untapped springs of society ; it softened Black Marias, appeased, tranquilized, enlightened, and set fluxing through the universe the tides of civilisation. It was good. The Gallic Revolution was the anointment of humanity. † Victor Hugo â€Å" Liberty, equality, fraternity, or decease ; – the last, much the easiest to confer, O Guillotine! † Charles Dickens ( A Tale of Two Cities ) Helen Maria Williams was a adult female in front of her clip. While composing letters place to England during the Gallic Revolution, the convulsion and political turbulence around her closely mimicked the convulsion she was sing personally. An friendless amongst her friends, Williams ‘ observations and devastation are evident in her Letterss Written in France, in the Summer of 1790, a aggregation of her Hagiographas to friends and household still in England. As a adult female efficaciously on the front lines of war, Williams was able to capture the world of the revolution and record her observations in Letters, the recognized composing medium of adult females. Romanticism was an rational motion which began around the latter half of the eighteenth century and is was defined largely by alteration. Most humanistic disciplines, like music, poesy, literature, and even political relations began to accommodate in response to the disruptive societal clime seen in France during the Revo lution. Romanticism emphasized emotion, imaginativeness, and originality, which was in blunt contrast to the scientific discipline, ground and order defined by the â€Å" Age of Enlightenment † which came after the Revolution. Romanticism, as opposed to Enlightenment, concentrated more on the single author or creative person themselves, as opposed to the province or ground. Both ocular humanistic disciplines and literature, from the Romanticism motion, elevated and famed Nature as a wild Being, instead than as something that can easy be explained ground or survey. The Romanticism motion in literature evolved in response to the Gallic Revolution and instead than concentrate on ground and reason to explicate nature and adult male, Romanticism focused more on emotions and feelings to explicate and portray them. The poesy and Letters of Helen Maria Williams espouse the Romanticism ideals as they portend the hereafter of feminism and adult females who live their lives for themselv es. Helen Maria Williams straight confronted the ideals of the Revolution. Williams had relocated to Paris in 1792, and she was imprisoned for a short clip in the Bastille during the Reign of Terror. Both her clip in prison, and the atrociousnesss she witnessed during the Revolution, personally influenced her and straight influenced the tone of much of her work. While captive, Williams wrote many of her verse forms, like â€Å" Sonnet to the Curlew † , which trade with freedom and yearning. In the â€Å" Curlew † verse form, Williams identifies with a curlew and wants she could be every bit free as he is upon the air current. As Williams faced the Revolution of France, she began to confront a revolution of her ain that was reminiscent of the ideals of both Romanticism and Feminism. During her early old ages in France, Williams began a relationship with John Hurford Stone, a married Englishman and extremist militant. Though Stone divorced in 1794, it is ill-defined whether Williams and Stone of all time married and their relationship caused a dirt in England which resulted in Williams being personally attacked by the British imperativeness. Before Williams foremost visited France in 1790, she had been celebrated as a all right, feminine poet. After publically placing with the Revolution, Williams was denounced as a unblushing adult female who had developed debased political and sexual propensities. She had become a adult female who had â€Å" betrayed both her state and her sex † ( Blakemore 676 ) . In a Gentleman ‘s Magazine, a referee of her Letterss from France said of Williams â€Å" [ s ] he has debased her sex, her bosom, her feelings, her endowments in entering such a tissue of horror and villainousness and make bolding to diss a regular authorities and a happy people [ i.e. , the English ] with such inside informations, whose consequence, we defy her to demo has yet been productive of one individual good † ( Adams 114 ) . Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, referred to Williams as â€Å" a scribbling slattern † in his Correspondence and in Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine, Williams was portrayed as Lechery in a emanation of the Seven Deadly Sins. The magazine went so far as to province, â€Å" [ Williams has ] an inveterate hatred of all bing constitutions, by an earnest desire to advance their devastation, and by a disdain of truth, decency, and decorousness, which constitute the general features of a female head infected with the toxicant of democracy † ( Blakemore 676 ) . Williams was vilified by the imperativenesss, both at place and abroad, and it is apprehensible that she would seek a more hospitable venue to name place. For Williams, that welcoming topographic point was a state in the throes of civil war. In June 1794, Williams and Stone fled to Switzerland after a jurisprudence was passed by Maximilien de Robespierre necessitating all aristocracy and aliens leave Paris under punishment of jurisprudence. Williams and Stone remained in Switzerland for 6 months, and she wrote Tour in Switzerland which dealt with subjects including political relations, history, and nature. In response to the effects of the revolution, Williams said that she appreciated what the Revolution had done for adult females ‘s rights, but she openly condemned the force needed to accomplish it. In her letters, Williams ‘ response to the Revolution varies, frequently comparing the feminine civilization of the Revolution with the â€Å" Antient authorities of France † and she condemns the force much as she had during the American Revolution. aˆÂ ¦The executioner held up the hemorrhage caput, and the guards cried ‘Vive La republique! ‘ [ ‘Long live the democracy! ‘ ] Some dipped their hankies in the blood-but the greater figure, chilled with horror at what had passed, desired the commanding officer would take them immediately from the topographic point. The hair was sold in separate braids at the pes of the scaffold ( 100 ) . After depicting the scene of King Louis XVI ‘s decease by closure by compartment, Williams describes the wake in an about composure and calm voice, as though she had become asleep to the force of the Revolution aˆÂ ¦The devastation of the monarchy in France on the 10th of August-the horrors of the slaughter of the 2d of September, and so the decease of the male monarch, eventually alienated the heads of Englishmans from the Gallic revolution ; rendered popular a war, which otherwise no curate would hold dared to set about ; disgusted all wise, and shocked all human work forces ; and left to us, and all who had espoused the cause, no hope but that Heaven, which knows how to convey good out of immorality, would watch over an even so interesting to the public assistance to mankind as the Gallic revolution ; nor suffer the folly and frailty of the agents concerned in it, to botch the greatest and noblest endeavor of all time undertaken by a state ( 100 ) . Laetitia Matilda Hawkins, a coeval of Williams, wrote a response to each of Williams ‘ letters warning Williams for her positions on the Revolution Hawkins ‘s Letters conveys a sense of pressing crisis ; for her, the Revolution is a foreign invasion endangering English life and English womanhood-a Revolution turning the natural order upside down. She bases her response to Williams ‘s Letterss on a reading of the first two series ( in the Scholars ‘ Facsimiles & A ; Reprints edition, 1:1.1-223 ; 1:2.1-206 ) , in which Williams celebrates the function of adult females in the Revolution every bit good as their â€Å" topographic point in the universe † ( 1:1.27-8 ) ( Blakemore 677 ) . Although Williams seemed to appreciate what the Revolutionary civilization did for adult females, she did non O.K. of the force used to accomplish the alteration. Williams was going a newer, more self-asserting and unchained adult female than she was earlier. â€Å" In the old ages predating the Gallic Revolution, a patriarchal political orientation stressing proper female behaviour, the â€Å" natural domestic function of adult female, and her biddable subordination to her hubby ( underscored in assorted scriptural texts ) had been in topographic point for centuries † ( Blakemore 673 ) . After sing societal turbulence, imprisonment, expatriate from her adopted fatherland, and the loss of some of her closest friends, Williams emerged as a adult female who was non afraid to populate her life her ain manner. In Paris, as in London, Williams was introduced to and hosted many outstanding intellectuals and literary figures in her salon, such as Thomas Paine and Mary Wollstonecraft. Williams ‘ salon rapidly became a meeting topographic point for outstanding Girondins, but as the Jacobins gained power, many of her friends were arrested and executed. Williams wrote in a manner acceptable for adult females ‘s Hagiographas, the epistolary. Despite the controversial content of her Letters, Williams ‘ Hagiographas received by and large positive reappraisals from many English magazines. What negative reaction her authorship received, was in response to the manner and vocabulary she chose because she would frequently utilize Gallic colloquialisms and spellings which alienated many of her English readers. Williams lost about everything she held beloved during the Gallic Revolution. She had lost her fatherland, her freedom-for a clip, her friends, but she refused to lose herself. Because of Williams ‘ Letterss, readers have a adult female ‘s first-hand history of the political and societal turbulence seen during the Revolution. The singularity of the history contained within her Letters has assured Williams a topographic point in women's rightist survey, irrespective if that was her original purpose. Williams personifies all the ideals of Romanticism within herself and her writings-emotional entreaty to trepidation, horror and awe-and the sublimity of wild nature.